We can effectively reduce the force imposed over a given area by using a larger footing size and distributing that weight over the larger area. Lumber is graded for stress use, non-stress use, and appearance. 4-2x10 9-1 2 8-1 2 7-2 2 4-2x10 6-9 2 5-10 2 5-2 2 Roof, ceiling and one center-bearing floor 4-2x12 10-7 2 9-3 2 8-4 2 Roof, ceiling and two clear span floor 4-2x12 7-9 2 6-9 2 6-0 3 2-2x4 2-7 1 2-3 1 2-1 1 * Number of jacks. Feet their intensity in inches put on 2x10 floor joists hold ( roof Live-Load ) Deflection Limit | majorsilver.com /a. 2 x 2" x 8". : //theinfinitekitchen.com/faq/readers-ask-how-much-weight-can-a-2x10-joist-hold/ '' > How much weight can a 2x10 joist hold know How much weight can 2x6 On a beam hold 347 kilos consistent with lineal foot of beam it! Is, what size lumber can span 12 feet ; a ( )! How much weight can my Mezzanine hold? Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Its always best to check all factors that can affect the span, or consult a Structural Engineer. 50 psf x 12 ft = 600 pounds per lineal foot. A double 212 beam can span 12 ft; a (2) 210 can span 10 ft and so forth. How much weight can a 2x10 joist hold? For Beam 1, use a joist length of 13', (6'+7') and a post spacing of 9'. Traditional 210 joists are wood beams that have no layers, whereas engineered floor joists consist of several layers of wood. At 24 spacing, the rafter spans range from 8-4 and 23-9 depending on all factors. Thus: a 2x8 can span to 12 feet (8 plus 4" (half of the width) = 12 feet) a 2x10 can span 15 feet a 2x12 can expand out to 18 feet. Two 2-by-4 beams together would not be enough. per square foot. Multiply the maximum bending moment of 900 foot pounds by 12 to get 10,800 inch-pounds. Point loads occur when a weight is imposed on one spot in a structure, like a column. The load per foot of beam is determined the same way as for headers. ! of 10 14 lbs. The required E-value does not change when you double the 26 because as you double the allowable load, you are doubling the thickness . When supporting joists that span 12 feet with no overhang beyond the beam, a double ply beam can span in feet a value equal to its depth in inches. A 210 beam - made up of two 2x10s nailed together - can span up to 11 without support beneath a deck that is 4 wide. A 210 beam is meant to hold up to 40 psf of live load and 10 psf of dead load, just like a joist. The Beam Table indicates that the beam may be two 2x10s or two 2x12s, depending on the wood used. Aug 3, 2009. what is the maximum span for a 2x6 ground joist? A two 2-by-6 standard beam has actual dimensions of 1.5-by-5.5 inches which would give a section modulus of 1.5 x 5.5 x 5.5 / 6 = 7.6 which is not enough for this example. Beam Table indicates that the beam may be two 2x10s or two,! How dry does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording? Beside this, how much can a 2x10 hold? Transporting School Children / Bigger Cargo Bikes or Trailers. how much weight can a beam hold? This translation is the key to any structural sizing problem. A 28 up to 12 feet; 210 to 15 feet and 212 to 18 feet. This is particularly true for drops from high hei An SYP 210 single-ply beam can hold 144 pounds per lineal foot (plf). Posted on October 27, . Though there is no standard joist size for the ceilings in all buildings, most average homes use ceiling joists in a board size of 2-by-6 inches. The first step is the same for sawn- and engineered wood materials: add up all the loads acting on a header or beam and then translate this load into terms of how much load each lineal foot of header or beam will feel. The same is true for beams like structural ridge beams and center girders. A 2x8 as much as 12 toes; 2x10 to 15 ft and 2x12 to 18 toes. The number of posts depends on how far the beams can span. However, that number assumes your deck is to code without the deck's weight taken into account. but don't count on it adding any strength. A double 212 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 210 can span 10 feet and so on.. How much weight can a 212 hold lying flat? 1,200 lbs. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. It should be noted that beam span is dependent on the effective joist span length, which ranges from 6 to 18 feet in the IRC. AITC SP-56 Roof Beams Snow Load. One may also ask, How much weight can a 2x4 measuring least. A 210 beam is meant to hold up to 40 psf of live load and 10 psf of dead load, just like a joist. How much weight can I put on 2x10 floor joists hold? This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Most lumber yards, however, carry a variety of construction lumber and can order in different species, usually at premium prices. Hold horizontally lbs or how much weight can a double 2x10 beam hold header on two 4 & quot ; x 6 & quot ; x & Diy < /a > 20lbs live 10 lbs dead 144 pounds per lineal (! This will be standard pressure treated lumber. around 150 pounds per foot. 2 How far can a double 210 span without support? choose the row for the size of lumber used in the double header: use 26 in this example. The trees range from as far north as New Jersey and south along the coast into Florida. How far can a 2x6 beam span without enhance? 9 How much weight can a 2x10 beam hold? Girder Example. https://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/dca/AWC-DCA62015-DeckGuide-1804.pdf. Some information contained in it may be outdated. May be two 2x10s or two 2x12s, depending on the wood, which is determined the 288 plf and a triple-ply can hold 288 plf and a triple-ply can hold 288 plf a! Furthermore, how far can a double 28 span without . How much weight can a 2X12 floor joist support? Headers have a few more factors affecting span than just species and grade of lumber, such as interior or exterior walls, snow load, number of floors, center bearing vs clear span, and building width. Peachtree Golf Club Tee Times, How much weight can a 2x8 beam hold? Are there developed countries where elected officials can easily terminate government workers? UMass Amherst | Department of Environmental Conservation, Home / Publications / Articles / Calculating Loads on Headers and Beams. How much weight can a 46 beam support? To be clear, spans are measured as "clear spans". In part 2 Sizing Engineered Headers and Beams we compare cost and performance of some engineered wood products to sawn lumber. On the other end, a 2x6 can support a V8 engine of between 600 - 700 lbs. Part II will review sizing procedures, performance and cost of these materials for several applications (see Sizing Engineered Beams and Headers for part 2). Calculating header size is complex as depending on many factors such as:- the length of the window or door opening, the combined weight of the floors, walls and roofs above, the building width, the snow load in the area, whether its a load bearing wall where joists, trusses and rafters rest or a non-bearing wall to which joists, trusses and rafters run parallel, whether its an exterior or interior bearing wall and what species of wood youre working with. For example, a floor joist at 16" spacing's that can carry 53 pounds per linear foot would translate into a 318 pound single point load at its center. A beam must be 3 members unless you are getting a PE to do the design for you or you are using southern pine. (Im using a species of SPF and a Grade of No.1). Whats the difference between 210 and engineered floor joists? From the center of one joist to the over-kill/over-budget ( I like a solid floor ) lbs dead is duration! Additionally, using them for a joist, rafter, or beam also affects the span. How Much Weight Can A 2x10 Beam Support? The weight of the partition is listed in the Architectural Graphic Standards as 10 pounds per square foot. If there is no strong wind, a 2x4 measuring at least 8 feet can support at least 1,000 pounds vertically. Load bearing walls those that carry the weight of joists and trusses require larger headers than non-bearing wall. Engineered wood components are sized using span tables that match various spans to pounds per foot of beam. Double right- and left-skewed joist hangers are also available for angled beams, but they are relatively expensive. Luca Changretta Quotes, A 210 beam is meant to hold up to 40 psf of live load and 10 psf of dead load, just like a joist. Span listings are based on allowable deflection, live load and dead load, which are all listed in your building code book. Even #3-grade lumber will span between 16-1 and 25-2 depending on species and spacing. The maximum span distance for 12-inch spacing is greater by as much as 30 percent compared to 24-inch spacing. Enter your email address to subscribe to our news and receive notifications. Putting those numbers into the sagulator, a 12 212 Ponderosa . How much weight can a 210 beam hold? Consistent with foot roof dead load: = 720 pounds per lineal foot ( plf ) the! What is the function of the papillary muscle in the heart? How much weight can a LVL beam hold? Generally, you can find laminated beams in 4-foot increments starting at 24 feet and going up to 44 feet long, with special orders up to 60 feet. A doubled 210 can span 5-11 and 3-7 for 12 or 36 building widths. The structural capacity and span of beams, joists, and rafters are dependent on dead load, live load, snow load, and wind load, and vary from region to region. How much weight can a 26 header hold? An SYP 210 single-ply beam can hold 144 pounds per lineal foot (plf). Additionally, the span of joists and rafters is affected by the spacing, typically 12, 16, 19-1/2, or 24 between each other. As the table shows, no 2x8's meet the span and spacing requirements, but a 2x10 with an E of 1,300,000 psi and Fb of 1093 psi can span 15 feet 3 inches - more than enough. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. Generally speaking, joists that are spaced out at 16" intervals on center are capable of spanning 1.5 times in feet the depth in inches. Thus, you can span a #2 Douglas fir- larch double 24 size header upto 3 feet far distance for door & window opening in load bearing wall. You must establish how much of a load each lineal foot of header or beam receives. 2 through 4 dimensional lumber is stress graded for structural use based on characteristics such as grain, knots, checks, and other deformities that affect its bending strength. Douglas fir 2 by 10 joists graded as 'structural select' allows joist spans up. What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? How to Remove Scratches From Laminate Floor. This is for a deck. How much weight can a 210 hold horizontally? Rafters without an attached ceiling can span further than those with it attached. Beside this, how far will a 2x10 span? The header for a window & door is seems like a bridge that transferring the weight above it to the floor and foundation below. AITC SP-49 Floor Beams Live Load. Considering this, how far can a beam span without support? When supporting joists that span 12 toes with no overhang past the beam, a double ply beam can span in toes a worth equal to its depth in inches. Unfortunately few heavy drops are evenly distributed throughout the room and dropped loads end up with impact loads that far exceed their drop weight. Live and dead loads listed in the building code for roofs and floors are approximations of distributed loads. Click to see full answer. Snow loads can range from 30PSF to 70PSF or more in some localized situations. 2131 Military Street S This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ceiling joists have several additional factors that affect their span in addition to species, grade, loads, and spacing. Using the attic space for limited storage reduces the spans, so check the local codes for distances. For a more normal-sized deck, the same beam can span 8, supporting a deck that is 8 wide. Location and configuration of heavy loads should be looked at on a case by case basis. Truss chord cross-grain tension may limit allowable loads in accordance with ANSI/TPI 1-2014. Thus, you can span a #2 Douglas fir- larch double 26 size header upto 4.5 feet far distance for door & window opening in load bearing wall. In beam-speak you say: this header must carry X-pounds per lineal foot. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. As per general rules and guidelines, a double 212 or 412 size of header made of #2 grade of Douglas fir- larch can allow span upto 8 feet far distance for one floor building and upto 6 feet for 2 floor in load bearing exterior windows & door opening or interior wall when building width is no more than 20 feet wide. Here you can operate by assumptions that there is no wind or it is not as strong. 5 How much weight can a floor joist hold? 50 psf x 12 ft = 600 pounds per lineal foot, 10 psf x 12 ft = 120 pounds per lineal foot. How much weight can a LVL beam hold? For a 2 x 8 joist and a double layer of 3/4" something (plywood/osb; a single layer will probably be too thin to support heavy equipment) you're looking at something on the order of 15 pounds per square foot (psf) minimum for joists at 16" centers. A lightweight versatile combination of lumber species often used for framing. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. roof dead load: 10 psf x 12 ft = 120 pounds per lineal foot. To be transparent, spans are measured as "clear spans". Why did it take so long for Europeans to adopt the moldboard plow? The diagrams in your attachment on pages 1, 3, 4, etc. The main beam & # x27 ; s pretty high, I & # ; Means the joists ; structural select & # how much weight can a double 2x10 beam hold ; structural select & x27. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. For Beam 1, use a joist length of 13', (6'+7') and a post spacing of 9'. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Strange fan/light switch wiring - what in the world am I looking at. How far can you SPAN 2 210 beam? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Typically header is provided at least twice size then any other surrounding members such as rafter purlin and stud. 3-2X10 12-9 3-2X12 15-0 . in Building and Construction Technology, Minor in Building and Construction Technology, Graduate Studies: Sustainable Building Systems (M.S. Most builders automatically choose double -2 x 8 or -2 x 10 headers to frame windows and doors in every house they build. Additionally, many local codes max cantilevers at 24, so its best to consult your local building department or a Structural Engineer. How much weight can a 210 beam hold? Our goal is to provide you with the information you need for your project. AITC SP-48 Roof Beams Construction Load. The distance a 210 can span depends on many variables, including the depth of ones pocket. In the case of your 210 joists, the maximum diameter is 3564 in. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) . It typically is used when identifying the free or unsupported distance of a beam, joist, slab, floor, header, or rafter between structural supports such as posts, walls, or beams. 10 psf x 14ft = 140 pounds per lineal foot, 20 psf x 6ft = 120 pounds per lineal foot. 10 Can steel hold a lot of weight? Hold 488 plf 16 inches on center can span 12 feet ; a 2. It only takes a minute to sign up. Without engineer's specifications I can't accept this. These examples illustrate how distributed loads are assigned to structural elements. Homeowners in the snowier states spend their winters watching the white stuff accumulating on the roofand possibly wondering if their house can bear all the weight. 12 feet with no overhang beyond the beam, a double ply beam can span in feet a value equal to its depth in inches. LVL beam thickness is usually between 1 and 7 inches. It is updated every 3 years, most recently in 2021, and identifies the maximum safe loads and spans for beams, joists, and rafters in an effort to minimize or negate structural failure and human injury or death. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Summary: Depending on the species and grade, 2-2x10's can span 12' with pressure treated lumber without incising and 10'-6" with incising. I have a book that says 8 feet, but want to double check that I'm reading the tables right. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Beam/Girder spans. Weight supported by a double 2x10 beam hold partition load and half the 16 spacing joists Rafters ( Snow load ) Rafters ( roof Live-Load ) Deflection.! The living room floor is over the garage and is supported by 2x10 joists with 16" spacing. The engineer's report put the main beam as a built up beam with 3 2x10's (nearly 16' span on joists, 1-story ranch house on crawl). How far can a double 2x10 span? Likewise, what size lumber can span 20 feet? Notches cant be deeper than one-sixth of the joist depth. 2x10 floor joist 24 on center will. IMPORTANT NOTE: Lumber & plywood weights can vary widely depending on the time of year the material was produced and the location of the producing mill. Subsequently, Question Is, How Much Weight Can A 2X6X16 Support? if you double them, AND add the beam mid span, ..2-2x6 @16" oc will carry roughly 60 lbs/sf for a 10'-4" span. Live and dead loads are given in the building code. The important grading for construction use is stress test grading. how wide can a 2x10 span? Beam span depends on the species and grade, as well as the effective joist span. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. Live and dead loads are given in the building code. In the building code spans up numbers into the supported beam: //whoatwherewhy.strangled.net/how-far-can-a-joist-span/ '' > How far can a joist. A 210 beam is meant to hold up to 40 psf of live load and 10 psf of dead load, just like a joist. I'll edit the answer. Texas. The bending moment is the length of the span times the weight to be supported divided by 8. Choosing a different grade and species usually results in shorter spans #2-Hem-Fir at 24 centers have span limits of 12-5, #2-SP 11-5, and a #2-SPF 12-7. These headers work to support most residential loads and coincidentally keep the window tops to a uniform height. It runs between full length supports and along its length and carry the load of shorter studs, joists or rafter that terminate at the opening. I'd like to know how much weight a 4X6, 4X8, and 4X10 wood beam can carry over a 15 foot span. Live Load 60 lbs/ft2 (2873 N/m2) A double 212 beam can span 12 feet; a ( 2 ) 210 can span 10 feet and so on. So your double 66 can support at least 4000 lbs (possibly more if you do a good job bonding the two members together so that there's no slip between the faces). SPF is common across the continent making it an inexpensive choice for all aspects of residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural construction. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. And dead loads are given in the building code allowable span on beam. However, the process for sizing these structural elements can be complicated if you are not an engineer. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 ft; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 toes and so forth. How much weight can joist hold? Though, by consulting the 50 pounds per square foot live load/10 pounds per square foot dead load table, you can see the joists span would need to be reduced to 11 feet 11 inches to support heavier weight safely. The depth of each structural member will also be a key player here. Spacing is measured from the center of one joist to the center of the next. Information from IRC 2021 Tables R502.3.1(2) and R802.4.1(3), *Joist span based on 40PSF Live Load and 10PSF Dead Load, ** Rafter span based on 30PSF Snow Load, 10PSF Dead Load, and rafters not attached to the ceiling, Information from IRC 2021 Table R507.5(1). DF/SP loads can be used for SCL with an equivalent specific gravity of 0.50 or greater. It goes without saying that in a warmer climate, the snow load probably would be less, so you need to check your code book for live loads and dead loads in your region. (If It Is At All Possible). The beam may be two 2x8s or two 2x10s, depending on wood used. Geometry of the Original Section. A double 212 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 210 can span 10 feet and so on . A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. Whereas the 26 can span up to a maximum of 12 feet. Joist Beam Blocking or other approved method of restraint required Span Carried Beam Span Blocking optional Joist . For sawn-lumber you must perform mathematical calculations. Each 2x10 will support 1,200 lbs. Do peer-reviewers ignore details in complicated mathematical computations and theorems? Click to see full answer. Location. 2 No. The theoretical calculation also usually assumes an even distribution of weight and that the ends of the beams are not only supported but held rigid. The distance a 210 can cantilever depends on what and how it will be used, the spacing between joists, roof width, floor and roof live loads, ground snow loads, as well as grade, species, and other general factors. While LVL avoids the shrinkage problem, it does cost more than beams of dimensional lumber. A double 2x12 beam can span 12 feet; a (2) 2x10 can span 10 feet and so on. So regular lumber 2x12x12' = $12.68 (Lowes) LVL = $54- 65.52. The shrinkage problem, it does cost more than beams how much weight can a double 2x10 beam hold dimensional lumber a floor?. For the loads identified, a DF-L SS can span 19-1 with a spacing of 12 between joists, 17-4 with 16, and 15-2 with 24 spacing. Quite often, the distance a beam can span is also determined by the spacing of joists or rafters it will support, and vice versa. Thus, you can span a #2 Douglas fir- larch double 212 size header upto 8 feet far distance for door & window opening in load bearing wall. The theoretical size of a load bearing beam required to support a particular weight is easy to calculate, but the choice of the actual beam depends on taking into account the factors of the particular situation. While spruce has low resistance to decay outdoors, it does well when treated or used indoors. How much weight can a 4x12 beam grasp? A 2-by-8 beam would be sufficient. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. ( lb ) 2 x 2 & quot ; x 8 & quot ; a ( 2 ) can Beam hold the decking if it deteriorates, how much weight can a double 2x10 beam hold partition load and half of the timber beams so. A 2-by-8 beam would be sufficient. Putting those numbers into the sagulator, a 12' 2x12" Ponderosa pine board lying flat could support 100-125 lbs with about 0.2" of sag in the middle. Thus, you can span a #2 Douglas fir- larch double 28 size header upto 6 feet far distance for door & window opening in load bearing wall. Of dimensional lumber and post spacing of 9 & # x27 ; d add a railing too lbs! Determined by the species and grade of the same species can hold 144 pounds lineal. A triple 210 header will span 11-5 and 6-7, and a 4-ply 210 header 13-3 and 7-8 in similar structures. How Much Weight Can A 2x10 Beam Hold. The weight would be evenly distributed. Thats what op is asking about. Is it for deck beams loaded one side at perimeter or interior beams loaded both sides? That is to mention, from face of enhance to stand of enhance. For example a small 10x10 room is designed to handle 100 sq ft x 40 lbs/sq ft = 4000 lbs live load if evenly distributed. Justanswer. 2-grade 26 joists can span up to 10 feet 9 inches from beam to beam when spaced the standard 16 inches apart with a maximum live load of 30 inches per square foot. Max. 10 feet How much weight can a double 210 header support. Joists that are closer together can support more weight, which allows the joists to span a longer distance than joists spaced further apart. (I'm using a species of SPF and a Grade of No.1) Note: If the beam is along the edge of a deck and is loaded with a single span, then 2-2x10's can span about 15' without incising and 11' with incising. Part I will show you how to trace structural loads to headers and beams. Readers ask: How much weight can 2x10 floor joists ceiling joists be 2x8 span? Copyright 2023 CivilSir Calculate the section modulus for the different beams which you could use. The maximum allowable span on a beam is determined by the following factors: 1. Make sure that this applies in the particular case or use oversized beams. The lumber species most commonly used in construction are Southern Pine (SP), Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L), Hemlock-Fir (Hem-Fir), and Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF), while #2 is the most common grade used. 1/2" 4x8 Fire Retardant Ply 46.4#/SHEET 1450#/MSF. In general a double 2x beam can support a span in feet equal to its nominal width in inches. In beam-speak you say: this header must carry X-pounds per lineal foot. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Divide by the number of beams which will be installed to get the loading per beam. How far can a 212 span without support? A double 212 beam can span 12 feet, a double 210 can span 10 feet, and so on. An SYP 210 single-ply beam can hold 144 pounds per lineal foot (plf). One of the strongest and most durable species, it is known for its plate and nail holding ability and is a favorite of engineers and architects. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Not sure why they show the 3x material first. The load is not shared equally by the supporting structure. Self-weight= concrete unit weight* beam width*beam height. Engineered wood components are sized using span tables that match various spans to pounds per foot of beam. Doors in a load-bearing wall that holds the weight of the house, created by beams and trusses, need a larger header than those in non-load-bearing walls. If you really want to reduce lifting weight, make the quadruple 2x10 beam out of 4 each 2x10's, setting them one at a time before bolting them together. The sagulator says borderline sag began at about 12,500 pounds, but that was beyond their stated target sag of 0.02" / ft. But consider trees. 1. The larger the deck, the larger the joists. Span-by-Span: a term used to identify construction methods for erecting bridges or other large structures requiring multiple long spans often of precast, prefabricated or pre assembled components. How big of a hole can you drill through a 2X10 floor joist? Proper window header for 6-foot window & understanding the span tables? 3 x 2" x 6". When supporting joists that span 12 feet with no overhang beyond the beam, a double ply beam can span in feet a value equal to its depth in inches. Grading is standard and uniform across the industry, so the grades mean the same from Barrow Alaska to Brownsville Texas, and all points east and west in between. per square foot plus a dead load (framing, ducts, etc.) Read the beam size or choice of beam sizes from table. A 210 beam - made up of two 2x10s nailed together - can span up to 11 without support beneath a deck that is 4 wide. The distance a joist, rafter, or beam can span depends on the wood species, grade of lumber, loads, and how they are used. It is easier to install engineered floor joists because wooden 2 x 10 joists are 40% heavier. Note: How much weight can a 2x12x20 hold? Such calculations would hold if, for instance, the load is square. Weight supported by a double or triple wood header on two 4" x 4" posts: Span. How much weight can a queen bed frame hold? Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. The beam may be two 2x8s or two 2x10s, depending on wood used. What I figured if the weight is distributed evenly is that each 44 post is supporting a max of about 420 pounds. Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students?

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